Prevalence of overweight and obesity among primary school children in a developing country: NW-CHILD longitudinal data of 6–9-yr-old children in South Africa
نویسنده
چکیده
BACKGROUND Widespread trends of increasing child obesity are reported in developing countries. This longitudinal NW-CHILD study investigated changes in overweight and obesity over a three year period among 574 children between the ages 6 and 9 (282 boys, 292 girls; 407 black, 143 white) in South Africa (SA), taking into consideration sex, race and school type. Stratified random sampling was used to identify 20 schools, across 5 school SES levels (quintiles), in 4 educational districts of the North West Province of SA. Standard anthropometric techniques and international age adjusted BMI cut-off points for children were used to determine overweight and obesity, 3-years apart. Mixed models were used to analyse the effects of sex, race and socio-economic status (SES) of the school. RESULTS Overall obesity increased over 3-years by 4% from 12.5% at baseline to 16.7% during follow-up. Obesity increased significantly in both white (4.2%) and black (2.0%) children, although overall prevalence in the final year was double (27.3%) in white children compared to black children (13.3%). Prevalence in obesity increased more in boys (3.2%) compared to girls (2.4%), although girls showed a higher overall prevalence (18.5%). SES effects were significant where children in schools associated with higher SES, had the highest rate of increase and the highest prevalence of obesity. A significant change towards an unhealthy BMI was found in 9.2% of the group over the 3-year period, although a small percentage (3.0%) also transitioned towards a healthier BMI. CONCLUSIONS Overall obesity prevalence rose significantly from 6-9-years. Obesity, compared to overweight, increased more during this period. Prevalence and rate of increase differed markedly in different sexes, race and SES, masking the extent of the problem. Shifting towards an unhealthy BMI was more common than obtaining a healthier BMI over the 3-year period. It also demonstrated the difficulty of breaking the cycle of obesity, once it had started. Early prevention strategies are needed based on the trends established in this study, with special attention to white children living in high SES regions, and black children in economic transition.
منابع مشابه
Prevalence of overweight and obesity among primary school students in Bandar Abbas, Iran, 2013-2014
ABSTRACT Introduction: Childhood overweight and obesity is linked to obesity in adulthood and regarding the negative effects of obesity on physical and mental health, weight management in childhood is of a special importance. This study aims at analyzing the prevalence of overweight and obesity, based on the World Health Organization’s (WHO) new child growth standards, amon...
متن کاملPrevalence of obesity and overweight among children in Bandar Abbas
Introduction: Childhood obesity and overweight is a major public health problem in developed and developing countries. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of overweight and obesity in 7-11 years-old children in Bandar Abbas. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 1350 students (689 girls and 661 boys) aged 7-11 years. The sample was collected by using cluste...
متن کاملPrevalence of overweight and obesity in preschool children in Kerman: brief report
Background: Today, overweight and obesity are major health concerns in developed and developing countries. Meanwhile, the issue is particularly important in children due to its consequences in adulthood. This study aimed to investigate the frequency of overweight and obesity in preschool children in Kerman, Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional survey was conducted from December to March of 2016...
متن کاملMalnutrition prevalence study in the 2-6 years old children in Kerman rural kindergartens, Kerman, Iran, 2012
Introduction: Infants and young children are the most vulnerable group to malnutrition. Malnutrition can cause child growth disorders. Child growth measurement is a basic instrument to measure the child malnutrition. This study was conducted to determine the malnutrition prevalence in children 2-6 years of age in Kerman rural kindergartens. Methods: The c...
متن کاملPrevalence of Low Physical Fitness and its Related Factors among Primary School learners in Lagos state, Nigeria
Background and purpose: Current evidence shows physical fitness (PF) among children and adolescents in Africa and around the world is declining and the trend is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to evaluate the baseline PF data of primary school children in Lagos State, Nigeria, and to determine the predictors of low PF within the cohort. Materi...
متن کامل